顯示具有 讀孫子兵法學英文 標籤的文章。 顯示所有文章
顯示具有 讀孫子兵法學英文 標籤的文章。 顯示所有文章

2011年11月18日 星期五

讀孫子兵法學英文/必殺技

電 影《功夫》裡豬籠城寨遭斧頭幫欺凌,不得安寧(put a damper on their peace);居民還擊,個個身手不凡:賣力氣的苦力強是12路譚腿高手;麵店老闆油炸鬼擅長五郎八卦棍;裁縫店裁縫是洪家鐵線拳傳人;包租公與包租婆是 神鵰俠侶-男的是太極拳高手,女的竟會「獅子吼」!三兩下打得歹人狗吃屎(bite the dust),歹徒這才知道在太歲頭上動土(beard the lion in his den )。
武林高手喋血一生(to fight like Kilkenny cats),最終選擇隱姓埋名,無非取其「從眾」(all cats are gray in the dark),金盆洗手之意。但也有人故意藏鋒,像古龍小說《風雲第一刀》中的荊無命,左手劍法讓他江湖成名,足以力擋強敵(keep his enemy at bay);但其右手劍其實更勝一籌,一旦必殺技(game changer)出手,對手定然死亡,也因而無人知曉此一秘密。
孫子說:「角之而知有餘不足之處。」亦即較量之後,雙方便可掂出彼此斤兩;但身懷撒手金間,要不要讓對手知道?
中國人的觀念傾向守密,因為可以穩操勝算(bet our bottom dollar);但西方賽局理論則認為:擁有足以嚇阻對方蠢動的核子武器,卻不讓對方知道,這種想法只能自我壯膽(be whistling in the dark),事實上沒有任何戰略意義。
道理很簡單:當敵人果真動用核武來襲,即使判斷錯誤,損害絕對不堪設想;損害已經造成,再祭出對方不知道的秘密武器,也為時已晚。讓對方根本不敢出手,就要讓他知道代價慘重。亦即擁有撒手金間,就要公諸於世,才能收嚇阻效果。
例:"The invading gangsters are about to put a damper on the peace in the neighborhood."「歹徒囂張橫行,小鎮不得安寧。」"All the Axe gangsters bit the dust when the inhabitants hit back."「居民反擊,斧頭幫潰不成軍。」
"Attacking these Kung-fu masters in the small village is like bearding the lion in his den."「攻擊這些化身市井小民的功夫大師,等於太歲頭上動土。」
"People say, 'All cats are gray in the dark,' the difference between them and the ordinary people counted with these Kung-fu masters."「功夫大師在意他們和市井小民之間(外表上)的差別,因為他們就希望自己不要鶴立雞群。」
"To win the zero-sum game, they need to fight like Kilkenny cats."「戰況激烈,雙方拚得你死我活。」"For Jin Wu-ming, fighting with a sword in his left hand is a way of keeping his enemy at bay."「荊無命左手劍使得虎虎生風,力拒群雄。」
"No one knows he can handle sword with his right hand dexterously. If he goes ahead by surprise it will be a game changing moment."「無人知曉他右手使劍如此威猛;所以他一旦出手,擋者披靡。」
"We would bet our bottom dollar that these Kung-fu masters under the disguise of ordinary people will overwhelm the gangsters."「我們可以確信:這些隱身於野的功夫大師必然打敗歹徒。」
"The Russians seem pretty sure they would win the war with the Doomsday Machine, but they might just be whistling in the dark."「俄國人以為擁有別人不知道的秘密武器,就能贏得戰爭,殊不知這只是自我壯膽而已。」
(作者任教陸軍官校)

【2011/11/18 經濟日報】

全文網址: 讀孫子兵法學英文/必殺技 | 商業企管 | 財經產業 | 聯合新聞網 http://udn.com/NEWS/FINANCE/FIN11/6725240.shtml#ixzz1e5w1PeYf
Power By udn.com

2011年11月4日 星期五

讀孫子兵法學英文/手段高明 take the cake

【經濟日報╱朱文章】

2011.11.04 03:01 am


手段高明 take the cake

100年前(1911),羅浮宮名畫「蒙娜麗莎」遭竊。兩年後,竊賊裴路加將名畫帶到國外叫賣,隨即落網。但這件震驚藝術界的大竊案,內情其實並不單純。

根據專書《蒙娜麗莎失竊記》記載:羅浮宮漆匠裴路加受某神秘「先生」指使,拿了「前金」(layaway plan),夥同內應順利作案。得手後裴路加守著名畫,癡癡等「先生」攜來豐厚的酬金(fast buck),心想鉅款到手,便可手頭闊綽(as rich as Croesus),雖然等待時間難熬,但內心卻不禁狂喜(as pleased as Punch)。

奇怪的是,「先生」要裴洛加好好保管名畫,卻從此杳無蹤影。原來,唆使他偷竊名畫的是個巨騙,名叫伐爾菲諾,他找了擅製偽畫的蕭得隆,已經摹繪六幅假畫,更找定願意在蒙娜麗莎忽然神秘流入市場時收購珍藏的買主。竊案爆發,每個買主篤信自己擁有「蒙娜麗莎」真跡,可見手段何其高明(take the cake)。

果然,這狸貓換太子(to change the baby prince for a leopard cat)高招,讓每位付出30萬美元的買主成了冤大頭(splurge on themselves),也就是說半年內共有180萬美元的進帳,這還是百年前的幣值(時價約5,000萬美元)!

伐爾菲諾一手搞定(lock, stock, and barrel)所有關節:他找漆匠當內應,實現「不知山林、險阻、沮澤之形者,不能行軍;不用嚮導,不能得地利」兵法精髓趁勢撈錢。

他料定買主和竊賊不敢張揚,得手後奢華(Life of Riley)過日,把裴路加完全蒙在鼓裡,僅僅給蠅頭小利(chicken feed),這也是孫子「施無法之賞,懸無政之令。犯三軍之眾,若使一人。犯之以事,勿告以言;犯之以害,勿告以利。投之亡地然後存,陷之死地然後生。夫眾陷於害,然後能為勝敗」上乘兵法表現。

例:"Vincenzo Peruggia agreed to steal Mona Lisa and got paid on the layaway plan offered by a mysterious gentleman."「裴路加收下神秘人物訂金,答應竊取蒙娜麗莎名畫。」

“He tried to make a fast buck from the art theft case.”「他希望從這個藝術品竊案中大撈一筆。」

"He would do anything to fulfill his childhood dream of being as rich as Croesus."「他從小立志賺大錢,也願誓死達成目標。」

"Peruggia felt as pleased as Punch while waiting the further instructions from his business associate."「裴路加等待進一步指示,心中卻無限暢快。」

"It's the con masters in this art theft case that really took the cake."「整個案子手段最高的是那些主謀份子。」

"These collectors would splurge on themselves and bought the stolen portrait."「這些闊佬花錢找樂子,買下這幅失竊的名畫。」

"Eduardo de Valfierno offers a grand strategy which covers operational management aspects lock, stock and barrel."「伐爾菲諾策獨自搞定整個案子,完全不假他人。」

“The con master gave the painter a little chicken feed while he himself lived the life of Riley forever.”「巨騙給漆匠一點零頭,自己卻過著富埒王侯的生活。」

(作者任教陸軍官校,本專欄每周五刊登)

【2011/11/04 經濟日報】

2011年10月14日 星期五

讀孫子兵法學英文/苦心孤詣

柯 西拉(雅典盟邦)與柯林斯(斯巴達盟邦)齟齬日久,劍拔弩張,雙方數百艘船艦對峙,大有一觸即發之勢。因各有後台(sticking it to the man),所以有恃無恐。雅典擔心斯巴達誤判,雖然派艦助陣,但數目區區十艘,統帥卻多達三名,其中Lacedaemonius大將,對斯巴達還最友善。
希臘這些舉措,所為何來?
希臘領袖伯里克里斯老臣謀國,深知局外人根本搞不清楚狀況(can't make head or tail of something),夸夸其談者('the boy who cried wolf'或a'Chicken Little'),或一心以為鴻鵠將至(build it and they will come)者,其實只會誤事。
伯里克里斯怕失信盟邦,故派兵助陣,得免「毫無作為」(in the doldrums)之譏;但大舉增兵相助,又讓他人有快意行事(Go ahead, make my day.)之虞;故派Lacedaemonius擔任統帥,一方面告訴敵方:連最友善的雅典人都請赴戰場,可見同仇敵愾;萬一失利,也可順便幫雅典除去內 賊,進而凝聚士氣。
孫子說:「凡治眾如治寡,分數是也;鬥眾如鬥寡,形名是也」,也就是說組織工作,對內對外都需要高明的通訊聯絡手段。伯里克里斯想方設法,避免政敵步調不 一(march to a different drummer),同時也為萬一戰事失利事先找好理由。這項工作難度極高(a herculean task),所以苦心孤詣(stay on the straight and narrow),意在一箭雙鵰,治國能力高強,難怪雅典經他治理,形成一方霸主。
例:"'Sticking it to the man' is their diplomatic principle and political justification, for there is something about it that feels so right."「緊抱強權大腿,是他們的外交指導和政治理念,如此這般好像也有若干道理。」
"Pericles assumes that the Athens can not make head or tail of his grand strategy."「伯里克里斯認為:清楚國家大戰略來龍去脈的雅典人不多。」
"He believes the way to express the crisis matters. He tries to avoid being 'the boy who cried wolf' or a 'Chicken Little', for his supporters would become numb to his claims."「國難當頭,如何知會國人,這會是個大學問。他避免夸夸其談,免得支持者失去熱忱。」
"As a Guardian, Pericles wants to avoid a 'build it and they will come' mindset."「身為老臣,伯里克里斯不敢一心以為鴻鵠將至。」"Sending no ships means the alliance is in the doldrums, every nation will feel the effects."「若不派船參戰,同盟等於瓦解,各國看在眼裡,後果不容小覷。」
"Pericles refused to send more ships for he did not want his ally to be in the 'Go ahead, make my day' camp."「伯里克里斯拒絕多派戰艦,免得盟友快意行事。」
"Before engaging a war, Pericles wants to get rid of those who seem to march to the beat of a different drummer."「除掉步調不一的人,伯里克里斯才行參戰。」
"It seems like a herculean task to assign Lacedaemonius to serve as the commander."「任命Lacedaemonius擔任指揮官,是件艱鉅而意味深遠的工程。」
"A grand strategy will help a country stay on the straight and narrow during every phase of its security policy."「全程落實國安政策時,優越的大戰略可以讓該國享受苦心孤詣行事的美好成果。」
(作者任教陸軍官校,本專欄每周五刊登)
【2011/10/14 經濟日報】

全文網址: 讀孫子兵法學英文/苦心孤詣 | 商業企管 | 財經產業 | 聯合新聞網 http://udn.com/NEWS/FINANCE/FIN11/6650680.shtml#ixzz1amtjrjAB
Power By udn.com

2011年10月7日 星期五

讀孫子兵法學英文/尷尬糗事

尷尬糗事 skeleton in the closet
西方習俗:情竇初開的情書,珍貴的信件,多半密藏閣樓,不讓別人知道。
有個笑話:母親做飯時,小孩走進廚房,媽媽問她整天忙些什麼。「我當了郵差」小孩回答。
「郵差?」母親問:「你哪來的信件?」
小孩說:「我在小閣樓的舊箱子找到一大捆信件,全用絲帶綁著,我在街上每個信箱放了一封。」
我們可以想像,聽完話後,媽媽有多麼焦慮。因為這些信件會讓年少輕狂的尷尬糗事(skeleton in the closet)曝光,甚至變成被人揭瘡疤(picking at the scab)的笑柄,因而糟蹋(throw pearls to swine)了作者當時的天真情懷。
最近「維基解密」公布美國外交官員,私底下與各國政治人物的對話記錄,內幕辛辣,民眾爭相傳誦(sell like hotcakes),引發政壇騷動。這些機密電報,原本就是不能見光的密室行為(behind-the-scenes work),難怪當事人紛紛提出辯解,因為殺傷力實在太大(pay through the nose)。
維基解密公布數十萬分機密電報,讓許多當政者手足無措(all thumbs),他們位居要津,皆非等閒之輩(Tom, Dick and Harry),從彼等口中套出的意見,內容特別珍貴。孫子:「五間之事,主必知之,知之必在於反間,故反間不可不厚也」。外交單位想必都已特別留意(be all ears),採取及時行動,分析電報內容,拼湊各國政壇全貌,作為解讀政情參考。
例:"Mom is shocked to know those letters are dispatched to the neighborhood, for some of them are skeletons in the closet."「那些信件記載許多尷尬往事,一旦流落街坊,難怪媽媽震驚無比。」
"They have been picking at the scab of the adolescent memory. Those letters remind them of."「信上記載的年少輕狂,讓他們抓到把柄,痛揭瘡疤。」
"Those readers are not interested in what you have to say. Let them access to the letters is like throwing pearls to swine."「一般讀者哪裡知道你用心良苦。讓他們看到信件內容,純然是一種糟蹋。」
"Since gossips got out about the local politicians, the leaks have been selling like hot cakes."「洩密的內容牽涉地方官員的八卦,難怪喧騰一時,久久不已。」
"There's a lot of behind-the-scenes work reported on the diplomatic cables."「外交電報中,敘述許多幕後折衝內幕。」
"Those who are not good at diplomatic language paid through the nose when they find their dirty big mess exposed to the public."「一旦談話內容曝光,這些不擅外交辭令的人,紛紛付出重大代價。」
"People are all ears and annoyed when they find these politicians use straight talks to drive traffic to benefit their interests, albeit in an all-thumbs way."「這些政治人物技巧差勁,吃相難看,民眾關心之餘,感到十分心痛。」
"The names mentioned on the cables are political veterans, not just any Tom, Dick, or Harry."「電報引述的人物都是政壇翹楚,皆非等閒之輩。」
(作者任教陸軍官校,本專欄每周五刊登)
【2011/10/07 經濟日報】

2011年9月17日 星期六

讀孫子兵法學英文/說三道四

華爾街日報報導中共首艘航母試航,讀者投書電子版留言高達500多則,其中有許多視為酸葡萄(sour grapes),有人視為凶兆(the crack of doom),但也有主張放棄台灣,作為賠償中國國債,以為綏靖。
美國是民主國家,言論自由不足為奇,但放棄台灣,以避免和中共衝突的聲浪,這種說法詭異(a different kettle of fish),尤因事涉台灣安全,殊值注意。
俗話說「非我族類,其心必異」(He must be devious since he is not my kin.),美國南方也有類似說法:"You're not from around here, are you?" 指的都是把難以捉摸的變數(you never know what will come over the horizon)當成「虎有傷人心」(always fear the unknown)。因此美國人對中共航母說三道四(have an ax to grind),雖說是人之常情,但我們不能等閒視之。
因為中美兩國齟齬日增,台灣夾在中間左右為難(This is a fine kettle of fish!),孫子說:「辭卑而備者,進也;辭強而進驅者,退也;」許多外交辭令,或者一般民意表達,其實不能光以字面解讀,決策者要佐以事實,才能作為進退的準據。
無論如何,像鴕鳥般地對危機視而不見(burying your head in the sand),或者像麋鹿被疾駛而來的車燈迷惑(to freeze like a deer in headlights)而身置險境,均非智者所為。
這也是決策者面對排山倒海而來的雜音,所應有之修為。
例:"Many WSJ readers don't think it's such a great idea for Chinese to have an airplane carrier - and that's seemingly just sour grapes because the US owes China 1.4 trillion dollars."「許多華爾街日報讀者對於中國擁有航母不以為然,在美國積欠中國1.4兆債務之際,這種說法顯得有點酸葡萄。」
"For them, China's flexing her naval muscle is akin to the crack of doom."「中國擴展海權,對他們而言,就是一種凶兆。」
"America used to be the only superpower and China is taking over. But giving up Taiwan is a completely different kettle of fish."「美國獨一的霸權地位固然受到中國挑戰,但放棄台灣卻又是兩碼子事。」
“When two elephants fight, it is the grass that suffers. We never know what will come over the horizon.”「兩強相爭,必然傷及無辜,誰也不能擔保局勢不會有變化。」
"People will always fear the unknown because of possible harm."「對於不可知的未來,人總因為可能受到傷害而心感畏懼。」
"Many Americans have an ax to grind about the fact that Chinese is trying to become a naval power."「中國試圖成為海上強權,許多美國人對此不以為然。」
"That's a fine kettle of fish - we don't let American beef in while we have to acquire those needed new jets."「事情顯得棘手:我們不讓美國牛肉進口,同時又想購買美國戰機。」
"We should not bury our head in the sand and try to ignore the problem."「問題來臨,不能一味逃避。」
"In moments of tensions, our worst default reaction will be to freeze like a deer in headlights and prevent any changes at all costs."「事態緊急之際,尤其不能呆若木雞,不知應變。」
(作者任教陸軍官校,本專欄每周五刊登)
【2011/09/16 經濟日報】

2011年9月8日 星期四

讀孫子兵法學英文/騙得死死

【經濟日報╱朱文章】
   
2011.09.09 03:23 am


騙得死死 hook,line,and sinker

上市公司經營團隊利多不斷,身為投資者,你要不要相信?流氓國家聲稱沒有核生化武器,身為強國談判者,你該不該相信?我們都知道決策需要情報,但關係重大的情報,其真偽難以證實,心理上我們會「寧可信其有」,還會火速採取行動,因為我們以為危機就在眼前(because it's there)。

某大廠總經理去職之後,新經營團隊內部稽核,發現某區庫存及應收帳款異常,公司斷然處置(go cold turkey),決定提供該地區通路銷貨折讓,認列損失新台幣數十億元。經查出錯的地區,竟然是前總經理戰功最輝煌,藉以發跡的地區。公司這才知道,當時前任老總的傑出表現竟然是雙面刃(two-edged sword),而其高深莫測(grinning like a Cheshire cat)的銷售表現,只是遮人耳目的花招。

美軍入侵伊拉克,當時言之鑿鑿的理由,是伊拉克擁有大規模殺傷武器,事後證明子虛烏有,有人說海珊沒有那麼壞(black as one is painted),一般法治國家對被告在證明有罪之前都是清白的(Innocent until proven guilty),但他的下場是未經審判已經定罪,難怪有人說這一切都是戰爭販子(war mongering)挑起的,但當時所有證據都指向對海珊不利的一面。

瑞典前外長布利斯擔任聯合國伊拉克調查團團長,說當時只有法國總統席哈克一個人獨持異議,因為席哈克認為各國情報人員向來只會人云亦云,不敢假定自己判斷有誤(rational ignorance)。孫子說:「死間者,為誑事於外,令吾聞知之而傳於敵間也;」即冒著生命危險向敵方提供假情報的我方特工,有死間從中攪局,稍一不查,敵人就會被他騙得死死(hook, line, and sinker.),可見懷疑自己的判斷可能出錯這件事有多麼困難,又何其重要。

例:"Just because it's there, does it mean it is true?"「東西擺在眼前,我還是不敢確定真假。」

"Finally the company went cold turkey on the sales performance of that area and tried its best to stop the bleeding."「公司對於該地區之銷售狀況失去信心,採取斷然處置作為以便止血。」

"His great performance was a real double-edged sword because he never felt he could communicate with other people."「他表現傑出,卻因此和別人格格不入,可謂利弊互見。」

"Before the scandal, the former boss has been grinning like a Cheshire cat,and the rest of his colleagues were looking pretty chuffed."「案發前,原來的老闆總是笑口常開,一派高深莫測,把同仁蒙在鼓裡。」

"Shylock is not as black as he is painted. He seems quite generous to the orphans."「夏洛克非常善待那些孤兒們,人們對他似乎誤會很大。」

"Everyone is entitled to wish the court to consider him innocent until he is proven to be guilty."「未經審判定讞,人人都應該被無罪看待,這是每個人的權利。」

"People said the whole warfare was caused by the war mongers who make a living off the invasion."「有人說:這根本是戰爭販子掀起藉以發財的侵略。」

"Because information is costly to gather and process, decision makers often practice rational ignorance: they decide with incomplete information."「情報得來不易,在情報不足時,決策者就必須在自知有可能出錯的狀態下做出決定。」

"The spy made up such a good story that we fell for it hook, line, and sinker."「這個間諜說詞言之鑿鑿,我們全部上了大當。」

(作者任教陸軍官校,本專欄每周五刊登)

【2011/09/09 經濟日報】

2011年9月2日 星期五

讀孫子兵法學英文/對號入座

【經濟日報╱朱文章】
   
2011.09.02 04:11 am


利底亞與波斯不和,國王克里索斯向阿波羅神廟請示「若我進攻,後果如何?」神諭:「將有帝國覆亡。」克里索斯下令進攻,結果全軍潰滅,帝國果真覆亡,只不過這個帝國是他自己的國家。

神諭晦澀難解嗎?耶魯大學教授卡根認為不然:前來神廟請教迷津者眾,三教九流(the grass roots)都有,等待時間漫長,廟方耳目密布,故能探知來意,祭師消息靈通,不必偏袒一方(black and white),研判可以從容(wait and see when the dust settles),故能對症下藥。克里索斯敗亡,問題不在神諭,而在對號入座(if the shoe fits, wear it)太早,沒有針對疑點繼續求證。

祭師消息靈通,但絕非不知人間疾苦(gazing down from on high),神廟也非高高在上的象牙塔(an ivory tower),它其實就是情報中心,這也是大家前來問卜(其實是套取情報)主因,只不過廟門大開廣迎四方來客,不便把話講死(in black and white),以免自打嘴巴(past comes back to haunt us),這是待客之道,也讓神諭多半靈驗,這正是神廟香火鼎盛的原因。

台灣俗語:「站高山看馬相踢」(直譯:Stand by and watch the two horses kick each other.),所仗恃者,是情報靈通。神廟屹立多年,情報向來正確,但前來問津,仍須萬分謹慎,以免有遺珠之憾(walking past $100 bills on the sidewalk)。孫子說:「故三軍之事,莫親於間,賞莫厚於間,事莫密於間」,也強調「廟算」(舉兵前比較雙方實力),就要透過間諜反覆查明情報真實性,以免利底亞覆轍。

例:"The temple shares the grass roots truth for it has been gathering information all along."「神廟平日周諮博採,所見當然入木三分。」

"The priests wait until the dust settles before people mention anything else."「不管一方說詞如何,祭師總是在水落石出後行動。」

"The issue of the conflict isn't as black and white from the lens of the priest in the temple."「廟方祭師認為,衝突不能用非黑即白兩分法論斷。」

"The priest just puts the shoe out there, the king is the one that puts it on and announced to everyone that it fits him."「祭師才拋出觀點,國王就對號入座。」

"The sober priest, gazing down from on high, renders direction critical to his state's future."「祭師道貌岸然,冷靜地指出他的國家重要的未來方向。」

"They manage to live in the real world rather than an ivory tower."「他們想方設法,努力不與群眾脫節。」

"The priests tend not to establish the oracles in black and white, avoiding past comes back to haunt them."「祭師儘量不把神諭說死,以免自打嘴巴。」

"Failure to verify your information is like walking past $100 bills lying on the sidewalk."「要查明你的情報真實性,以免產生遺珠之憾。」

(作者任教陸軍官校,本專欄每周五刊登)

【2011/09/02 經濟日報】

2011年8月27日 星期六

讀孫子兵法學英文/漁翁得利

【經濟日報╱朱文章】
   
2011.08.26 03:19 am


漁翁得利 third man in takes the prize

米奇‧麥迪法學院畢業,受聘律師事務所,薪水高福利好,工作伊始頗受重用,旋即被FBI盯上,獲告律師樓其實是毒梟洗錢中心,要他擔任內線舉發黑幕。米奇進退兩難(between the devil and the deep blue sea),因為擔任內應,違背律師保密信條,會喪失律師資格;不答應合作,遲早東窗事發,一樣脫身不得,兩者均非上策(Hobson's choice),難怪米奇夫婦驚惶失措(eyes as wide as owls),不知如何是好。

黑白兩道夾殺 進退兩難

以上情節是暢銷書《The Firm》情節,黑白兩道都要米奇配合,開始百般示好,隨即露出猙獰面目:「順我者生,逆我者死」(If you are not for us, then you are against us.),證明先前說法都是虛偽口惠(Judas's kiss),無論米奇和哪方合作,或與哪方翻臉,都是死路一條(meet one's Waterloo),難怪書中米奇小倆口決定逃亡天涯,一輩子被黑白兩道追殺。

本書1993年翻拍電影,情節卻有重大修正:米奇不願十年寒窗付諸流水,決定擇善固執(Hercules' choice),於是影印非法資料,藏在船上,告知黑幫他無意揭發,但必須保留資料,以便以律師身分持續提供諮詢(因而保有律師資格),並揭發律師樓超收費用,以為脫身之計(他藉機脫離律師樓,同時擺脫黑道糾葛);然後通知FBI律師樓超時收費,而非洗錢,這樣FBI同樣可以掃蕩律師樓,但米奇卻可置身事外,公司垮台後仍可繼續保有律師身分!

電影中米奇深入黑白兩道糾結(there are two sides of every story),協助FBI成功取締律師樓,並將洗錢資料運送船上,作為保命符防止被黑道暗算,同時又允應黑手黨永不舉發作為交換條件,三管齊下,在FBI 和黑手黨鷸蚌相爭中取得利益(third man in takes the prize),這與孫子「兵形象水,水之行避高而趨下,兵之形避實而擊虛;水因地而制流,兵因敵而制勝」的兵法精髓不謀而合,殊值效法。

謀得保命符 隔山觀虎鬥

例:" For Mitch being a mole is the result of a choice between the devil and the deep blue sea - if he is he suffers, and if he isn't he suffers."「要不要擔任內奸,對米奇都是兩難:他真是裏外不是人。」

"Mitch thinks this is a Hobson's choice: both unfavorable and fatal options."「兩個選項都很爛,米奇根本沒有選擇餘地。」

"Abby's eyes were as wide as owls and began to panic when she knew her telephone was bugged."「得知家裡電話被竊聽,艾比驚慌失措,久久不能自已。」

"The secret agent told Mitch that 'if he is not for us then he is against us',and he will take Mitch down!"「特工要米奇好生配合,不然就要整他冤枉!」

"'Take care of your family.' Both the FBI and the Firm lie. The words are staining Mitch's cheek like Judas's kiss."「聯邦調查局和律師樓都要米奇『好好照顧家庭』。但此話聽在米奇耳中,簡直是死神之吻。」

"He meets his Waterloo if he agrees to become a FBI tool with a sudden death the penalty for detection."「看來答應擔任FBI的內應不是良策,因為萬一被揭穿,肯定死路一條。」

"He believes there are two sides of every question and he determines to find a way out from this quagmire."「他深入兩方意見,不偏不倚,決心找出生路脫離苦海。」

"We think Mitch has been wise in his Hercules choice."「米奇擇善固執,咸認他的抉擇是正確的。」

"Mitch was the third man in between the war of the FBI and the Mafia, and took the prize by using that rivalry to spur a fight between them."「小心周旋在聯邦調查局和黑手黨的鬥爭當中,米奇挑撥雙方,從中獲利。」

(作者任教陸軍官校,本專欄每周五刊登)

【2011/08/26 經濟日報】


2011年8月14日 星期日

讀孫子兵法學英文/精打細算

【經濟日報╱朱文章】
   
2011.08.12 03:53 am


精打細算 Discretion is the better part of valor.

鄭成功趕走荷蘭人,經營台灣的同時(1662),英國海盜亨利摩根也正與西班牙海軍交戰,並在加勒比海建立橋頭堡,英國政府進而任命摩根出任總督。西班牙只知洗劫黃金,不知經營;英國收購摩根生產的蔗糖,雙方互利,規模愈來愈大,逐漸取代西班牙勢力,史家稱:英國200年海上霸權奠基於此。

亨利摩根就是好萊塢電影「加勒比海海盜王」的本尊,俗話說「江山易改,本性難移」(a leopard doesn't change its spots),他根本是個唯利是圖的海盜。英國政府基於利之所在,大膽重用為馬前卒;而摩根抓住機會戮力經營,打開局面,用成績證明自己的長才(the salt of the earth)。

堂堂政府和海盜勾結,一起開發海外殖民地,這是個雙面刃(a sword with two edges)的政策。

不過,基於三個理由證明這個決策的正確性(verdict of Solomon):首先,人性好逸惡勞(Only fools and horses work.),找亡命之徒替自己打天下,何樂不為;其次,抓住海盜發財心切,贏得他們效忠的赤忱(know which side one's bread is buttered on);最後,源源不斷的海外資源進帳(their bread and butter),讓雙方獲利,合作模式得以長期經營下去。

孫子說:「凡用兵之法,將受命於君,合軍聚眾,交和而舍,莫難於軍爭。」國人的理解是:老闆只有一個,用「自己人」才能打勝仗,所以清廷要消滅鄭成功而後快;英國人精打細算(Discretion is the better part of valor)之後,能賺錢的勾當都願意做。

哈佛大學教授佛格森新書《文明:東方與西方》指出:東方文化定於一尊,所以保守;西方民主分權,所以進取,兩相比較,決定了500年來西方文明的優勢,這是重視績效,會吸納人才的結果。

例:"The British government knows who Henry Morgan is but still assigns him head of the colony. It doesn't worry that a leopard doesn't change its spots."「英國政府深知亨利摩根底細,但並不在乎能否悔改,仍舊委託他出任殖民總督。」

"The British government believes even though the barrel is rotten, there will be a few good apples left among the rotten ones."「英國政府認為:再差勁的團體中,還是可以找到幾個可以重用的人。」

"These buccaneers were described as the best, the salt of the earth,particularly when their products were needed to feed the country."「這些海盜種植出來的作物廣受歡迎,搖身一變為優秀人才。」

"The British government's decision on Morgan's assignment is a sword with two edges."「英國政府關於摩根的任命,是風險十足的人事案。」

"The British government rendered a verdict of Solomon by appointing Henry Morgan the governor of the colony."「英國政府任命摩根為殖民地總督,此舉不失為良策。」

"These buccaneers won't refuse to follow the orders. They know which side their bread are buttered."「海盜們知道好歹,誠心歸順,十分聽從指揮。」

"Their business model of running the colonies is the bread and butter for both sides."「經營殖民地的商業模式,是雙方利潤的主要來源。」

"Since discretion is the better part of valor, they carefully study the opportunity and threat of using these buccaneers to conquer the Spanish citadels in Jamaica."「他們萬般慎重,小心查明運用海盜攻打西班牙在牙買加城堡的利弊得失。」

(作者任教陸軍官校,本專欄每周五刊登)

【2011/08/12 經濟日報】

2011年7月15日 星期五

讀孫子兵法學英文/面面俱到

【經濟日報╱朱文章】
   
2011.07.15 03:55 am


金融海嘯重創英國,事後女王問道:此等重大危機,何以沒有一個經濟學家預見?女王的質疑震動學界,大英學院慎重回應:金融界風險管理者總想以小搏大(the widow's cruse),但忽略了市場風險,集體想像矇蔽下,管理機制終至失靈(drop dead)。

華爾街金童勇於提出看似合法卻極端不合理的條件(pound of flesh),自以為面面俱到(cover all the bases)。但終日打雁,終被雁啄(Live by the sword,die by the sword.)。學界認為玩火自焚,不考慮「意外」,正是罪魁禍首。反對者認為此說了無新意(all show and no go),也聯名上書女王,指出經濟學研究與現實脫節,才是主因。

為何我們找不到遺失物品?因為我們老是在它不在的地方找,而不在它的所在位置去找。這個笑話讓我們知道,事前無法預知,事後眾說紛紜,是生活常態。哈佛教授巴涅特剛出道時,接到研究案,獲邀預判「千年蟲」(Y2K)可能的危機,當時他天馬行空地想像:華爾街關閉一星期、美國空運停止運作十天、即時供應鏈毀損等等,此般諸多推演,在911恐怖攻擊後被,統統派上用場,顯示他筆端千鈞力,刀槍也難敵(the pen is mightier than the sword)的功力。巴涅特思考時,能和華爾街金童一樣勇於擺脫陳窠老套(to think inside the box),但不同處則在於處處設訂風險控管及因應措施,有如孫子強調的安國全軍之道。

孫子強調廟算,要我們嚴肅考慮五大因素:「一曰道,二曰天,三曰地,四曰將,五曰法」,但搞懂這五個項目,勝負就可以立判了嗎?非也,因為廟算追求勝率,也在風險控管,五項因素只是大項,而非全部,決策者要跳出窠臼(think outside the box),不能畫地自限,只考慮這五項,否則盲點叢生,結局就會崩盤。

例:"He called the scheme the widow's cruse, hoping the return to go a long way and to be inexhaustible."「他把方案形容成聚寶盆,利潤將會滾滾而來。」

"Those smart people did not take the needed balanced decisions and the whole market simply drop dead."「這些人聰明絕頂卻漫不經心,把整個市場玩到失靈。」

"To some, their explanation is all show and no go."「他們解釋地頭頭是道,但還是有人不以為然。」

"They have gotten their pound of flesh but still demand more, without knowing any resulting crisis is laid clearly at their feet."「他們貪得無厭,對自己造下的惡業毫無所悉。」

"They thought the schemes they worked out could have covered all the bases."「他們以為炮製的方案已經面面俱到,無懈可擊。」

"The financial consultant who organized so many schemes lost eventually all he had in the crisis. Live by the sword, die by the sword."「理財專員設局坑人,自己也不得善終,真可謂終日打雁,終被雁啄。」

"Hence the saying, the pen is mightier than the sword. On the other hand, Tom Barnett's predictions depict that lack of knowledge means powerlessness."「知識就是力量,巴涅特的預測告訴我們:筆端千鈞力,刀槍也難敵。」

"Don't think inside the box, for that's where solid snake is hiding; to solve the problem, we need to think outside the box."「因循苟且不能進步,跳脫窠臼才能成事。」

(作者任教陸軍官校)

【2011/07/15 經濟日報】

2011年6月16日 星期四

讀孫子兵法學英文/公而忘私 business before pleasure

公而忘私 business before pleasure
風雪中三部車拋錨,駕駛人街頭等待緊急救援。一位是年邁病人、一位是醫學院教授、一位是風姿綽約的女郎,消防隊長聞訊騎輕便雪車前來,在只能搭救一個人的情況下,當下他做出決定:請教授騎車送老人就醫。他自己則呵護她度過漫漫長夜。
風雪交加,隊長冒險出勤,絲毫未減損(cut no ice with)救人天職。但他審時度勢,妥善安排公事,還贏得和女郎獨處機會。這張贏得的免費入場券(an Annie Oakley)得來巧妙,機心十足,卻也沒有耽誤公事(business before pleasure)。
公事公辦,目的是避免私人藉機牟利,但政策靠人執行,不管位高權重的大老闆如何密室會商(men in the backroom),搞定大計,終究要屬下去落實。一旦得到授權,低層就不再位卑職輕(feel like a number),更因為嫻熟法令,他感到不受尊重,會使出伎倆,讓人身陷雷區(in Dutch),案子也動彈不得,這種戲碼,公私部門都很常見。
有些事情處理結果皆大歡喜,而有些事情,結果卻兩敗俱傷,原因何在?孫子說:「數罰者,困也;」就是目標清清楚楚,大家不但不遵循,還罰不怕。箇中原委便 是執行者(in charge of)的利益沒有被妥善照顧,憤而搖身變為幕後操盤者(backseat driver),專司破壞;事情演變成這種狀況,已經難以善了(over my dead body),再怎麼處罰,也無濟於事。
例:"He has heard the storm and it cuts no ice with him."「他知道氣候惡劣,但不為所動。」
"We are aware that receiving an Annie Oakley, a complimentary ticket, is a privilege, not entitlement."「努力人家才會賞臉;人家不賞臉我們要更努力。」
"There's nothing wrong with business before pleasure, as long as desire isn't always overlooked."「不要本末倒置,工作時輕鬆一點其實也無妨。」
"The men in the backroom told us that we must finish the project as soon as possible."「公司大頭要我們儘快把事情搞定。」
"After assuming the directorship, he does not feel like a number anymore."「接下總監一職,他不再感到位卑言輕。」
"The new director told me if I don't finish on time I'll really be in Dutch."「新總監告訴我,如果我不能及時完成任務,我就有罪受。」
"The boss's sister has been in charge of buying supplies at the company for many years."「老闆的小姨子當公司採購主管好多年了。」
"Tell her you're in charge now. It's time she stopped being a backseat driver."「告訴她現在當家的是你,叫她別再出餿主意了。」
"You want a raise?Over my dead body!"「想加薪?門都沒有!」(作者任教陸軍官校)
【2011/06/10 經濟日報】

讀孫子兵法學英文/誤把馮京當馬涼 looks the part

誤把馮京當馬涼 looks the part
某騙子致電信用卡公司,自稱富豪之子,相約裝潢氣派、富麗堂皇的辦公室辦理「黑卡」,行員面對「大客戶」,失去專業判斷,逕予發卡,讓騙子盜刷600萬元。
身分竊取(identity theft),是網路時代新型詐騙手法,但冒用別人身分,遂行其他目的,卻不是新鮮事。譬如有種職業,英文叫 "look a like" 或 "impersonator",就是藝人裝扮政客或時人搞笑,以便博觀眾一粲的電視綜藝節目。
以假亂真 混淆視聽
在現實生活中,假裝某政要,讓人誤以為真,以亂人耳目(red herring),這種例子自古有之。譬如曹操「床頭捉刀人」、日本的「影武者」,二戰英國找了人冒充蒙哥馬利元帥,牽制住德軍數十個師的軍力,這些冒牌 貨都叫做"political decoy",目的是掩飾真人主角(real McCoy)的行蹤。
這種作法,目的在混淆視聽,多半是許多幕後人員(backroom boys)根據許多細節,一絲不苟(in an apple pie order)、精心炮製的伎倆,多半會讓人警覺心降低,無從防備。
難怪孫子說:「非聖賢不能用間,非仁義不能使間,非微妙不能得間之實。」因此,任務緊急時、切莫求功心切,以免不分青紅皂白,相信道聽塗說(heard through the grapevine)。信用卡公司草率發卡,或者軍中小兵冤死,都是誤把馮京當馬涼(looks the part)的結果。
障眼戲法 移轉注意
例:"Staff at the TV station had hired a President Ma look-a-like to coincide with his election campaigns."「電視台人員找了個演員,專門模仿馬總統競選的樣子。」
"This impersonator just finished a variety show. He is by far the closest resemblance to the president working today."「他剛從綜藝節目上完通告表演。他是目前為止模仿總統最像的人。」
"That kid was just a red herring to prevent his friends from being caught in the act."「他們用那小鬼行障眼法,好轉移大家的注意力。」
"Soldier Clifton James successfully impersonated General Bernard Montgomery as a political decoy for intelligence purposes."「蒙哥馬利元帥找了士兵假冒他,目的是欺敵。」
"It's time to find out if he's the real McCoy. "「首要之務,便是證明他是不是本人。」
"There is no limit when it comes to the backroom boys in our department."「這點區區小事,對本部門不願居功的同仁而言,實在輕而易舉。」
仔細查核 拒絕上當
"I want someone in your department to put everything in apple-pie order. "「在你部門中找個人,趕快把事情搞定。」
"I heard through the grapevine that she was promoted to the section chief, but I don't know anything more."「根據路邊社的消息,聽說她要當科長了。」
"This con master certainly looks the part - imposing, self-confident, cheerful and relaxed in his vast office at the top of headquarters."「在那間巨大的總部辦公室裡,那個騙子舉止如此瀟灑從容,真叫人無法置疑。」
(作者任教陸軍官校)
【2011/06/17 經濟日報】

2011年5月5日 星期四

讀孫子兵法學英文/言過其實devil is not so black as he is painted

言過其實 devil is not so black as he is painted
孫子說:「屈諸侯者以害,役諸侯者以業,趨諸侯者以利。」意指能精準理解他人的內心世界,就有適切手段操控他們。職業撲克牌大賽也有類似的猜心遊戲 (Lodden Thinks):先設定問題(例:永康街哪家餐廳最棒?),並以此詢問韓良露這種美食大師,再請兩參賽者猜韓的答案,答案愈接近韓,誰就是勝利者。
用心 才能出眾
哪家餐廳最棒,現實世界中《米其林指南》有標準答案。它是全球老饕的美食聖經,舉凡菜色、服務、裝潢、餐桌擺設、食具好壞、上菜順序、酒窖品質、人員訓 練,評選重點多達500項。它是廚師奮鬥的終極目標,名廚Alain Zick因從三星降為二星而自殺。該書宗旨是讓人按圖索驥(Ariadne's thread),省掉嘗試錯誤(trial and error)的麻煩。它中立可靠,不接受廣告,評鑒員試吃採匿名拜訪,一人肯定,還要另派人員多方查證,全職評鑒員每年輪調區域,以避免不法勾結,所以法 國餐廳待客都不敢怠慢(If you can't be good, be careful.)。
事業要想出眾,先要用心投入;別人不用心,用心的人愈容易出頭(In the world of the blind, the one-eyed man gets the credit.)。《米其林指南》就是設定高標準(according to Hoyle),讓腳踏實地(the salt of the earth)出頭,不同凡響者成名,浪得虛名者退位。饕客認同它,因為知道它也用高標準自我要求。
台灣許多小吃攤,常把媒體的置入性報導,複製當成廣告,掛在店前招徠客人。這些報導多半只求熱鬧,沒有《米其林指南》嚴謹,無法產生讓人非他莫屬的口碑 (make oneself indispensable);即使慕名而來,有時也感受不到報導的真實性(devil is not so black as he is painted),其理即在:沒有人監督評鑑者的評鑑水平。
例:"At dinner, we played 'What Lodden Thinks' with the question, 'What is the best restaurant in Taipei?' "「晚餐中我們玩起猜心遊戲,問題是:台北最棒的餐廳是哪一家?」
成功 靠真本事
"The Michelin Guide, like Ariadne's thread, enables tourists to locate the best restaurants easily."「米其林指南讓遊客按圖索驥,輕鬆找到最好餐廳進餐。」
"We may need to do a trial and error approach for good restaurants when touring in a foreign country."「在異國觀光,問路無門,有時必須嘗試許多錯誤,才能找到好餐廳享用。」
"If you can't be good, be careful. If you can't be careful, be lucky. And if you're not lucky, you'd better be good!"「成功之道在於:沒本領要用心;不用心靠運氣;沒運氣就要有真本領。」
"In the kingdom of the blind, the one-eyed man is still king, even if the blind don't know it."「看到別人看不到的細節,這種人一定出頭,即使別人看不出他有這種能力亦然。」
"According to Hoyle, when it comes to modern cooking techniques, less is more."「簡單就是美:談到現代烹調藝術,大師都這麼認為。」
"The cook does a lot of good jobs and is considered to be the salt of the world."「這位廚師做菜色香味俱全,被認為做到了腳踏實地的本分。」
"Anyone can be replaced, but how do you make yourself less so?"「人人都可以被取代,重點是你如何做到減少被取代的機率。」
"The devil is not so black as he is painted, but I believe that someone is as careless as the Red Guide said he is."「別人說話也許會言過其實,但《米其林指南》說某人不用心經營,我就相信他確實如此。」
(作者任教陸軍官校,著有《讀孫子兵法學英文賺錢──40招讓你一開口就贏》)
【2011/05/06 經濟日報】

2011年4月15日 星期五

讀孫子兵法學英文/捨小就大

捨小就大 
1929年10月初,華爾街大亨操縱市場,謀取暴利。英國鋼鐵公司經營不善(in the red),投機家哈特里想趁機併購,計畫卻受到牽連,因為美股高漲,英國游資跨海投資,連當時的財相邱吉爾都加入搶錢行列,哈特里被迫用假股票籌資。
為拯救英國金融,英格蘭銀行總裁諾曼拒絕哈特里的告貸(refuse to bail him out),還有意提高利率,讓資金回流英國,消息傳出,有如雪上加霜(add insult to injury),因為股市暢旺,就是資金寬鬆,一旦緊縮,就變成問題根源(root of the problem),許多人回補不及,被迫斷頭,勢頭形成,人人求售,結果都葬身金融海嘯(lose their shirt),連當時作空的熊派傑西‧利物浦都不例外。
真正玩家 既聯合又鬥爭
波士頓人甘迺迪(甘迺迪總統之父)見苗頭不對,親到華爾街聽操盤者(man of few words)怎麼看大局。見完這些人,走訪承銷商後,上街見擦鞋匠伯勞納正在看報,問市況如何。擦鞋匠告訴他明牌是石油和鐵路,甘迺迪笑笑,回家告訴太 太,連擦鞋匠都可以預測的市場,甘迺迪不要問津。
他不隨機起舞(know his own piece in the puzzle),能從別人意見整理出該捨就捨的判斷(throwing away pawns),安然逃過一劫,還趁勢在別人不支倒地之際大撿便宜貨(make a killing),短短三年,身家從400萬美元暴漲45倍,變成1.8億美元。
賽局裏有競爭者分餅,也有合作者把餅做大,真正的玩家是既聯合又鬥爭,重點則擺在如何善用資訊,以便做出正確的抉擇。孫子說:「微哉微哉!無所不用間也。間事未發而先聞者,間與所告者兼死。」擦鞋匠知道小道消息很多,但他沒有甘迺迪的判斷力,下場悲慘,似可以預見。
善用資訊 做出正確抉擇
例:"Montagu Norman, the Chairman of the Bank of England, decided not to bail out the failing investor in order to maintain stability in the economy."「英格蘭銀行總裁諾曼拒絕對他紓困,目的是維持市場秩序。」
"Somebody wants to sell their stocks, and to add insult to injury, everybody follows suit and nobody is willing to buy."「有人持股求售,讓問題更加嚴重的是許多人跟進之餘,大家還都無力買進。」
"Many people bought stocks with borrowed money. It was based on debt and the root of the problem. When the ability of people to borrow has dried up, the market collapsed."「問題的根源在於大家都用融資炒股,一旦資金來源枯竭,股市就要崩盤。」
"Jesse Livermore lost his shirt after the 1929 stock market crash and then he committed suicide."「股市崩盤之後,利物浦先生一貧如洗,含恨自殺。」
"Joseph Kennedy came to the Wall Street to speak with some men of few words to decide if it was the right time to invest."「為了是否還要繼續投資華爾街股市,甘迺迪親身前來,請教高明。」
危機入市 股市棋局贏家
"The decisions came quickly as Kennedy became aware and concentrated on his own piece in the puzzle, after he heard stock tip from a shoe-shine boy."「聽完擦鞋匠報完明牌,甘迺迪對今後走向了然於胸,很快做出決定。」
"He just sees the market as a huge chessboard, moving and throwing away pawns to get to the final goal."「他把整個股市看成一場棋局,為了求勝,犧牲個小卒也在所不惜。」
"Joseph Kennedy truly captured the stock market by making a killing when the others could hardly make a living."「在別人不支倒地之際,甘迺迪大開殺戒,笑傲股市成為至尊。」
(作者任教陸軍官校,著有《讀孫子兵法學英文賺錢──40招讓你一開口就贏》,suntz@suntzu4u.com.tw)
【2011/04/15 經濟日報】

2011年3月31日 星期四

讀孫子兵法學英文/千錘百鍊 went through the gauntlet

前衛生署長楊志良拍賣公事包,鴻海董事長郭台銘委託屬下競標,碰上一群仰慕楊署長的人集資競標,價格一路飆升,郭台銘最後以500萬900元買下,創下台灣公益網拍最高紀錄。
一般在競標過程中,資訊隱晦難明(black as a skillet ),拍賣的買家愈多,高估標價的買家存在的機會也愈大,導致得標價被墊高到超過其真正的市場價值,雖然打敗許多人(let them fall by the wayside),卻也讓投標變成無底洞( the cask of Danaides)。因此,賽局理論指出:買家人數愈多,「贏者的詛咒」(winner's curse)發生機會也更大。
競標期間,在混亂的搶標競爭中(run the gauntlet),郭董指示屬下:底線「無限上綱」,大把銀彈上場(throw down the gauntlet),得主果然非他莫屬。郭董得標,讚揚了署長的人品,又讓自己搏得無限美名,一舉數得只花500萬元,不愧是身經百戰,千錘百鍊 (went through the gauntlet)的經營者。
孫子說:「攻城之法,為不得已。修櫓轒轀,具器械,三月而後成;距堙,又三月而後已。」不能像郭董分辨出(keep track of)追求目標的真正價值,拚命投入,到頭來即使如願,也可能得不償失。
例:"With incomplete information, the participants felt the situation in the auction as black as a skillet."「競標場上投標者缺乏精準訊息,只覺得眼前漆黑一片。」
"Many bidders gave up for they realized they were competing against a man with a deep pocket, but John was determined to stick it out to the bitter end."「許多競標者覺得口袋不夠深而退出,只有老張還死撐到最後。」
"He didn't really like the feeling of being a loser, therefore he stuck it out."「他不呷意輸的感覺,所以硬拚到底。」"Overplaying gives the winner a black day in the auction."「出價太多,得標者難過不已。」
"It was like the cask of Danaides into which the auction winner had been pleased to pour his money."「過程有如在填無底洞,得標人當時卻喜孜孜地把錢大把大把往裡丟。」
"A lot of bidders fall by the wayside during their first attempt at auction."「看過第一次出價,許多投標者就不支倒地。」
"The winner was forced to run the gauntlet against other participants. And a fierce competition did break out after he threw down the gauntlet."「經過和群雄一番苦戰,得標人才順利贏得標的。」
"The company went through the depression gauntlet and became stronger ever since."「公司度過不景氣的難關,業務蒸蒸日上。」
"They have been making a great but useless effort to win the bid, for they did not keep track of the gap between the real value and the reserve price."「這些人不知道真正價值和帳面標價的差距,卻一味傻乎乎地競標。」
(作者任教陸軍官校,著有《讀孫子兵法學英文賺錢──40招讓你一開口就贏》,suntzu@suntzu4u.com.tw)
【2011/04/01 經濟日報】

2011年2月11日 星期五

讀孫子兵法學英文/瞭若指掌know the rope

二 戰尾聲,柏林被圍,艾森豪不想為了孤城犧牲10萬美軍,史達林卻志在必得,他一邊敷衍英美,一邊火速召來(rope in)朱可夫和柯尼夫兩元帥,叫兩人各自擬定作戰計畫,兩案同時核准,朱遂率70萬大軍正面主攻,柯領50萬大軍南面佯攻。朱離去後,史深知(know the rope)柯尼夫不甘雌伏,暗示柯也放手一搏,柏林遂被俄軍合力攻破,世界史因而改寫。
朱、柯兩雄競爭,史達林隔山觀虎鬥(stay above the fray),漁翁得利(play both sides against the middle)成為最大贏家。軍令如山,賞罰分明(hold up one's end ),因為立功機會難得,鷸蚌相爭,朱可夫和柯尼夫前仆後繼,史達林把欺敵手段用在自己人身上,兩邊通吃(third man in between takes the prize),足見其梟雄本色。
柏林攻防前夕,希特勒也為史達林所欺,大勢已去(at the eleventh hour)之際,還將三師精銳機械師調防布拉格。攻擊發起後,柏林幾如空城,希特勒束手無策(at the end of his rope),慘敗自盡(shellacking),第三帝國於焉告終。
孫子說:「兵之所加,如以碫投卵者,虛實是也」,亦即我方用計讓敵人無所不備,虛耗實力,這是賽局裡所謂的資訊集(information set),因為對方不知道所在位置,無法採取最佳策略:盟軍、敵軍、部下三方反應都在史達林掌握之中,終於讓他以石擊卵,拿下柏林。
例:"Stalin roped his marshals in to carry out the mission of taking the besieged city before the allied forces."「史達林下令兩位元帥搶先攻下圍城。」
"Nobody knew the ropes about the competition between these two power hungry marshals better than Stalin."「兩個元帥野心勃勃,彼此較勁之心完全掌握在史達林手中。」
"When these two army heads began to compete, the crafty politician decided to stay above the fray."「兩個軍頭拚命競爭,狡詐的政客正好隔山觀虎鬥。」
"He was playing both ends against the middle - allowing the two marshals to liberate Berlin."「他允許兩位元帥解放柏林,坐收漁翁之利。」
"Once Marshal Zhukov captured the city, Stalin held up his end and awarded the medal to him."「朱可夫元帥打下柏林,史達林依約頒發勳章給他。」
"He was the third man in between the competition by the time they had worn each other out. He took the prize of having Berlin and using that rivalry to spur more fight between them."「兩人打得精疲力竭,他坐收漁利,拿下柏林之後,他繼續挑撥兩人不和,以便繼續作戰。」
"Hitler did not accept his fate until the eleventh hour."「希特勒臨終之際仍不願承認失敗。」
"He was at the end of his rope when he found that there was nothing in the world he could do."「束手無策之餘,他發現末日已臨。」
"The Allied forces defeated Germany which squared accounts for the shellacking the Allied received four years ago."「盟軍擊潰德軍,報了四年前慘敗之仇。」
(作者任教陸軍官校,著有《讀孫子兵法學英文賺錢──40招讓你一開口就贏》一書suntzu@suntzu4u.com.tw)
【2011/02/11 經濟日報】

2011年2月7日 星期一

看孫子兵法學英文/虎虎生風

獅子號稱「森林之王」,其實老虎才是真正的「百獸之王」。古人用「虎賁」形容士兵,因為老虎所向無敵,就像棒球場上的一軍(first string或starters),實力絕對比二軍(second string 或scrubs)強大。
以老虎之名走紅的人物不少:王建民加入洋基隊之前,在台灣取名Tiger Wang,這是效法高爾夫球的老虎伍茲(Tiger Woods)的舉動。大導演李安以「臥虎藏龍」(Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon)走紅國際影壇;虎標萬金油(Tiger Balm)在華人圈家喻戶曉,小毛病因其迎刃而解,等於Windex(穩潔)在美國人廚房浴室的地位。
老虎與人關係緊張,於是被醜名化:「母老虎」(Battle Axe)形容嘮叨可怕的女人。最近老虎伍茲鬧緋聞,也產生一些新詞:"tiger's wife mad"指女人發飆,亂砸珍貴物品;"Tiger Block"指名人出糗,周邊友人被記者追問瑣碎事務;"tiger wooded"直指抓姦在床慘遭元配痛毆。此般河東獅吼,為人間增添些許黑色幽默。
老虎高居食物鏈頂端,人類都不免遭殃,所以負面的成語很多:與虎謀皮(shaking hands with the Devil)表示目光短淺;養虎貽患(he bites the hand that feeds him)便是留禍在身不自知;騎虎難下(have a tiger by the tail)處境更是艱危,一不小心就會喪命。
為虎作倀,指助長惡勢力,英文或可說為"only feeding their own habit",等於助長惡習,讓他更難改過向善。
狐假虎威 虛有其表
易經:「雲從龍,風從虎」比喻聖主賢臣之遇合,但一般人認知是「伴君如伴虎」,老闆喜怒無常,等於英文"my boss is like a hair trigger",他們讓部屬動輒得咎,甚至有虎口餘生之感(to survive from the boss from hell);虎父犬子,指的是第二代無法克紹箕裘(The son can't carry on his father's tradition.)。
不過,也有人專門狐假虎威(A fox makes himself feared by walking in the tiger's company.)這是物以類聚產生的錯覺(you are known by the company that you keep);虛有其表的人,我們稱為紙老虎(paper tiger),等於英文"a man behind his mask",只要取下他的假面,他的威力馬上消失無蹤。
「龍蟠虎踞」指地勢險要,但用計將敵人從老巢穴調出,讓它變成「虎落平陽」,就很好收拾。用英文形容,便是"have them out of their element"。
所以老虎雖然凶殘,其實人類智商更高,能夠扮豬吃老虎(pretend to be a pig to prey on the tiger)。這種表面裝傻,讓對方上當(lulling your opponent into a false sense of security),便是運用孫子兵法裡「知己知彼」的工夫。
虎年將至,來年如何虎虎生風,心想事成?首先,認知上要避免「畫虎類犬」:看事情要有同理心。對方明明是虎,就不能把它看成犬。
不站在對方的立場考慮問題(do not see through their eyes),認知有了差距,結果當然不同。
馬馬虎虎 習慣不好
其次,要培養老虎泰山壓頂的力道,革除馬馬虎虎,將就將就(If it ain't broke,don't fix it.)的壞習慣,把自己虎標萬金油三腳貓功夫(a Jack of all trade,and Master of none),提升為職棒金牌投手(being a clutch pitcher)境界,用實力讓困厄險阻三上三下,無所施展(not hitting on all cylinders)。
最後,經過努力,境界和地位提升,好比「如虎添翼」,這時要以「權力伴隨責任」(with power comes responsibility)觀念來警惕自己。力拒脫離現實,以免虎吻。
(作者信箱:suntzu@suntzu4u.com.tw
【2009/12/24 經濟日報】

2011年1月22日 星期六

讀孫子兵法學英文/自我利益

自我利益 What’s in it for me
同在一家公司,為什麼研發、業務單位總是比總務、行政得到老闆更多關愛的眼神?為什麼同樣是業務人員,老闆更喜歡捨棄底薪選擇抽成的高手,而不願看到支領固定薪水,業績不好也事不關己的「米蟲」?
已故的福特汽車老闆亨利‧福特向以自我利益(What's in it for me ?)為出發點。他在耶魯大學演講時說:「聘用一個人,為的是他在找事而不因為是有事求他,無異乎告訴他說他是個沒用的人(not worth a cent)。反過來說,協助一個人,因為幫助他會對我自己有利。我平等看待某人,只會因為這個人對我有價值(worth one's salt)。」
福特的演講,點出了經營企業不是做善事(to be a good Samaritan),而是在競爭的市場中,創造業績造福股東、客戶和員工。為了共創佳績,我們期待我們的夥伴生機勃勃,進取心切(an eager beaver),而不願意和金玉其外、敗絮其中的人物(apple of Sodom)合作。高手捨固定薪水,敢挑戰高額業務獎金,當然被老闆視為同在一條船上的人。
上司希望網羅好手共事,下屬也希望為明主賣命,目的都是不要做白工(foul one's own nest),這符合生物界穩定進化的賽局原則。我們都希望成功,很少人自問:「我成功對別人的意義是什麼?」
追求利益,如果知道兼顧別人利益,成功機率必然大些。當人人為了增進整體利益,而公平對待別人,也公平要求自己,高手雲集(surround yourself with good people)的結果,就能攻無不克,整個團隊也會變成孫子「以吾度之,越人之兵雖多,亦奚益於勝哉!」所形容的無敵勁旅。
例:"It sounds like a plan, but what's in it for me?"「計畫聽起來不錯,但我的好處在哪裡?」
"It does not matter how many sales are made - they are not worth a cent until the money is in your bank."「做業務的是徒弟,收錢的才是師父。」
"Dana is not worth her salt and is a great liability to our company."「黛娜非常不稱職,是公司很麻煩的人物。」
"The Levite asked, 'If I stop to help this man, what will happen to me?' But the Good Samaritan reversed the question, 'If I do not stop to help this man, what will happen to him?'"「唯利是圖的人幫助別人,只問對自己有沒有好處;樂善好施的人幫助別人,只問對別人有沒有好處。」
"The employee he hired last month was found to be an apple of Sodom."「他發現上個月聘用的新人實在是草包一個。」
"It is easy for us to become an eager beaver during our first year of university or when we start work on our first job."「大學或職場新鮮人在求學做事都特別賣力。」
"The boss really dislikes Dana. She certainly fouled her own nest when she failed to live up to her resume."「黛娜極不討老闆歡心,因為她辜負了老闆晉用她當時對她的期待。」
"The company will be successful for its management remains aggressive by surrounding itself with good people."「公司高層懂得招攬高手,銳意創新,成功指日可待。」
"Surround yourself only with people who are going to take you higher." 「無友不如己者。」
(作者任教於陸軍官校,suntzu@suntzu4u.com.tw)
【2011/01/21 經濟日報】

2011年1月7日 星期五

讀孫子兵法學英文/資訊不對稱 asymmetric information

訊不對稱 asymmetric information
畢卡索等立體派畫家,作品常與原物完全不像。有人批評畢卡索的畫難懂,他回答:「我不會英文,英文書對我猶如白紙,這不表示世界上沒有英文。不了解自己不 知道的事,只能怪自己,怎能怪別人?」可見,行家和門外漢的差別在於能否掌握「門道」,換成賽局理論的術語,就是「資訊不對稱」。
現實生活有許多資訊不對稱的例子:二手車商瞭解車況,可以吃定不知情的客戶(in the dark);求職者履歷表言過其實,雇主要小心查證(double check);郵購商品美輪美奐,到手時卻是山寨品;銀行理專推銷新產品時強勢主導(hard sell),出了事客戶卻求助無門。
商業競爭或言詞辯論,多掌握一分狀況,就多占一分便宜,利用資訊不對稱(asymmetric information)優勢,把對方蒙在鼓裡(keep somebody in the dark),進而獲得利益(get a break),可以立於不敗。同理,孫子說:「上兵伐謀,其次伐交,其次伐兵,其下攻城」也指掌握全局者(capitalize on the situation),利用資訊差,祭出最佳手段,能以最小代價(for a song),獲致最大利益。
但攸關大局的資訊如何掌握?畢卡索說:「多數人沒有創造精神,怎樣教他們新的東西?」他的答案:「把他們所知的和所不知的混合起來,他們就會想『啊!我知 道。』再進一步,他們就會認為『啊!我完全知道了。』」畫家的責任就是喚醒讀者,察覺這種資訊不對稱現象,一旦觀眾(或決策者)理解力增加,判斷就較少出 錯(bet on the wrong horse),決策就可無往不利(deliver the goods)。
例:"I was totally in the dark when I bought that lemon from the dealership."「從二手車商出來,我完全不知道我買了一輛爛車。」
"An employer or business owner has to double check the information stated in the applicants' resume before he makes the hiring decision."「決定錄用新人之前,企業主有必要對應徵者進一步徵信。」
"The wealth management specialist gave the old woman a hard sell so she agreed to sign the contract as suggested."「理財專員強勢推銷,老婦人不明究裡,就簽了契約。」
"A top executive can readily reduce the perceived value of an asset - due to information asymmetry."「高層利用資訊不對稱形成的優勢,設法把資產價值降低若干。」
"When you deliberately hold back information, you are keeping them in the dark."「扣住必要的資訊,對方就被蒙在鼓裡。」
"Our business can get a break if it keeps its competitors in the dark and save a lot of money."「對方無從因應,我方於是大大獲利,狠撈一筆。」
"Remaining calm during the market decline will give your brain more clarity as to the proper steps to take to capitalize on the situation."「市場紊亂之際,思路清晰,心狠手辣,反能趁勢坐大。」
"I happened to know that no one else wanted it, so I picked it up for a song."「我趁大家沒有意願出手,很便宜把它買下。」
"Nobody likes to be ribbed for betting on the wrong horse."「誰願意錯估情勢而失敗!」"The new department head is not very popular but he is able to deliver the goods."「新任部門主管使命必達,人緣卻很差。」
(作者任教於陸軍官校,suntzu@suntzu4u.com.tw)
【2011/01/07 經濟日報】

2010年12月23日 星期四

讀孫子兵法學英文/兵來將擋 best response

兵來將擋 best response
黛拉和吉姆是貧窮的年輕夫妻。耶誕節前夕,兩人想盡辦法(leave no stone unturned ),想找出一些錢來買禮物送給對方。
黛拉的長髮濃密又美麗,於是她上街賣掉一頭秀髮,買了白金表鏈,滿心以為(rational assumption)這樣可以讓吉姆高興,因為吉姆非常珍惜他的金表,這是傳家之寶。
吉姆回家,看見黛拉的短髮,大吃一驚(taken aback),因為他才買了一把鑲有寶石的梳子,給黛拉作為禮物,好用來寶貝她的頭髮。錢怎麼來的?他把心愛的金表賣了!
一廂情願…誤判情勢損美意
因為兩人一廂情願(wishful thinkers)的個性,讓黛拉失去美麗的長髮,也讓吉姆失去珍貴的金表。事情不會永遠朝我們自以為是的方向發展,這是美國小說聖手歐亨利最擅長描寫的主題。
現實生活中,這種誤判的事情也所在多有。形勢轉變,別人的善意(the kindness of strangers)有時會隨之變質,而抓不到重點,更會把理所當然的美事,轉成晴天霹靂(out of the blue)的惡耗。
孫子說:「不知彼而知己,一勝一負」,這是指了解競爭對手底細愈多,你就能夠找到賽局理論裏的最佳對策(best response)來確保戰果,勝算就會愈大。
知彼知己…摸清底細保戰果
所謂兵來將擋,水來土掩,就是風險管控得當(calculated risk),對策可以放行無虞(give someone the green light)。因此如果能夠溝通得法,找到最佳對策,黛拉和吉姆前述的遺憾,當然也就可以避免了。
例:" In searching for some money to buy the Christmas gifts for each other,they left no stone unturned."「為了買耶誕禮物給對方,兩人上窮碧落下黃泉似地找錢。」
"She thought it was a rational assumption that her husband would treasure the gift."「她自忖她的先生理當會喜歡這個禮物。」
"When he saw her new hair cut, he was taken back for a moment."「看著她的新髮型,他大吃一驚,半响說不出話。」
"They both are very sweet, wishful thinkers. They do not deal with the alternate reality of what the outcome probably in reality will be, and get into trouble with this way of assessing situations."「他倆都是那種不太用腦筋,也不深入事情變化的人;因為一廂情願,所以常常把事情搞到枝節橫生的地步。」
"We often rely on the kindness of strangers to increase our happiness, but we should keep in mind that it might become unkind easily."「我們常仰賴他人的善意來追求幸福,但這種善意很容易變成惡意,我們要謹記在心。」
最佳對策…提高勝算多溝通
"The loss came out of the blue. It happened suddenly and they were not expecting it."「因為雙方都沒有心理準備,損失突如其來,猶如晴天霹靂。」
"In order to produce the most favorable outcome for this young couple, they need to communicate more to reach their best responses."「為了增進最大福祉,小倆口有必要多溝通,找到最佳對策。」
"They took a calculated risk when they found the best responses."「找到最佳對策之後,勝算大大提高。」"Her husband gave her the green light to spend the money."「她老公允許她花那筆錢。」
(作者任教陸軍官校,suntzu@suntzu4u.com.tw)
【2010/12/24 經濟日報】

Twitter

熱門文章